SECRETS OF LOCK PICKING

 SECRETS OF LOCK PICKING

Well, I'm bringing you this file because I have a scanner and an OCR package and I like to pick locks.  This file is a complete transcription of the book, Secrets of Lock Picking by Steven Hampton, minus the chapter on warded locks (These locks are cheap. Use a hammer and a screwdriver).Before getting on to the subject, I would just like to use this opportunity to say that you can not just read this file and know how to pick locks. It does take practice.  The good news is that by practicing you will learn howto open locks.  And fast, too.  I have heard many people say "It's not like movies...it takes time to pick a lock."  Well, sometimes that s true, but I have picked a Sargeant six-pin, high-security tumbler lock in three seconds.And other similar locks in the the same time frame as well.  So I know that it can be done.  But don't worry.  Practicing is not boring.  There is a certain thrill present when you pick a lock for the very first time.  Imagine the sensation of knowing that you can get into almost anywhere you want.  Believe me when I tell you that it is very cool.

INTRODUCTION                                                          


The ancient Egyptians were the first to come up with a complicated security device. This was the pin tumbler lock. We use the same security principle today on millions of applications.

The most commonly used lock today is the pin tumbler lock. A series of pins that are divided at certain points must be raised to these dividing points in relationship to the separation between the cylinder wall and the shell of the lock by a key cut for that particular series of pin divisions. Thus the cylinder can be turned, and the mechanism or lock is unlocked.

Lock picking means to open a lock by use of a flat piece of steel called a pick. Actually, the process requires two pieces of flat steel to open cylinder locks. It amuses me to watch spies and thieves on TV picking locks using only one tool. But it is for the better in a sense. If everyone earned how to pick locks by watching TV, we would all be at the mercy of anyone who wanted to steal from us,and the cylinder lock for the most part would be outdated.

The actual definition of lock picking should be: "The manipulation and opening of any restrictive mechanical or electronic device by usage of tools other than the implied instrument (key or code) used solely for thatdevice." A little lengthy, but more accurate description.With cylinder locks, it requires a pick and a tension
.

By picking the lock, you simply replace the function of a key with a pick that raises the pins to their "breaking point," and using a tension wrench one rotates the cylinder to operate the cam at the rear of the lock's cylinder to unlock the mechanism.

The tension wrench is used to apply tension to the cylinder of the lock to cause a slight binding action on the pins as well as to turn the cylinder after the pins have been aligned by the pick; this opens the lock. The slight binding action on the pins caused by the tension wrench allows one to hear and feel each pin as it "breaks" or reaches alignment with the separation of cylinder and shell. The vibration is felt in the knuckles and joints of the fingers, and the sound is similar to that of a cricket in an arm wrestling match-a subtle yet distinct click.

Usually you need very little tension with the wrench while picking the lock. In fact, it takes somewhat of a delicate, yet firm touch. This is the secret to picking locks successfully-a firm and yet gentle touch on the tension wrench. You should be able to feel the pins click into place with the right amount of tension; experience will be your true guide.

Half of your success will be based on your ability to use or improvise various objects to use as tools for your purpose. The other half will depend on practice. I once picked a pin tumbler lock using a borrowed roach clip and a hairpin. A dangerous fire was prevented and prob-ably several lives were saved. The world is full of useful objects for the purpose, so never hesitate to experiment.

TOOLS

I started picking locks using a small screwdriver and a safety pin. The screwdriver can be used as a tension wrench, and the safety pin is used like a "hook" pick.The last half inch of the screwdriver's tip was bent at a 45 degree angle so as to allow easy entry for the pick (bent safety pin). Do not heat the screwdriver tip to bend it,as this will destroy its temper. Use a vise and hammer to do the job. Bend slowly by using firm and short taps oft he hammer, otherwise you may break and weaken the shaft. The safety pin should be about one and a half inches long and bent in the same way.With the small screwdriver as a tension wrench, you can use more of a turning or twisting movement than with a regular tension wrench so you will generally need less direct force when using it. As I mentioned earlier, with practice you will develop the feeling for the right amount of tension on a cylinder. If the safety pin bends after a short time, use the key way of the lock you are picking to bend it back into shape. Even after several times of bending, it should still be useful. Keep a few spares handy,though. File the tip of the safety pin flat in relationship to the bottom of the pins in the lock. Smooth any sharp edges so that you won't impale yourself. Also, if the tip is smooth, the pick will not get hung up on the pins while picking the lock.

Granted these are not the best tools for the job, but they do work. If you learn to use your junk box as a rich source of equipment, then with your experience real lock picks will give you magic fingers. Also, you'll have the advantage of being able to improvise should you be without the real things (which are illegal to carry on your person in most parts of the country).

Lock picks are difficult to get. I received my first set when I became a locksmith apprentice. All of my subsequent sets I made from stainless steel steak knives with a grinder and cut-off wheel. They are much more durable than the commercial picks. If you do make your own,make certain that the steel is quenched after every 3 seconds of grinding-do not allow the pick to get hot to the point of blue discoloration.

A diamond pick is the standard pick I use on most all pin and wafer locks. A small diamond pick is used for small pin tumbler locks such as small Master padlocks,cabinet file locks, etc. The tubular cylinder lock pick, we will discuss later. The double-ended, single-pronged tension wrench is used with the diamond pick. It features double usage; a small end for small cylinders and a large end for the larger cylinders. A special tension wrench is used for double-wafer cylinder locks with an end with two prongs on one end and tubular cylinder locks with the single prong on the other end. We will discuss tubular cylinder and double-wafer locks later as well. The steel should be .030 inches to .035 inches thick for the pick sand .045 inches to .050 inches thick for the first tension wrench mentioned above. The second tension wrench should be .062 inches square (.062 inches x .062 inches)on the tubular cylinder side (one pronged end), and .045

inches thick on the double-wafer end (two-pronged end).You can accomplish this by starting out with .045 inche sin thickness.  The two-pronged end should be bent carefuller a vise at a 30 degree angle. This allows easy entry for the pick on double-wafer locks.

Among the more common tools used by professionals around the world is the rake pick. The rake pick is used to "rake" the tumblers into place by sliding it in and out across the tumblers. I seldom use the rake pick because it is not highly effective and I consider it a sloppy excuse for a lock pick. I've seen the rake pick work on some di-difficult locks, but you can rake with a diamond pick and get the same results. I prefer the diamond pick for most tumbler locks simply because it is easier to get in and out of locks-it slides across the tumblers with little or no trouble A ball pick is used for picking double-wafer cylinder locks, though I never carry one; I use a large diamond pick and reverse it when picking these locks. This means I have one less pick to carry and lose.

A double-ball pick is used like a rake on double-wafer in conjunction with a tension wrench (two-pronged end).A hook pick is used to open lever tumbler locks, though again, I use a diamond pick with a hooking action when possible. There are various sizes of hooks but they all have the same basic job-to catch the movable levers that unlock lever locks.

There are also various sizes of tension wrenches. They are usually made from spring steel. The standard tension wrench is used for pin and wafer locks. A special tension wrench is called a Feather Touch, and it is used for high-security mushroom and spool pin tumbler locks. Its delicate spring-loaded action allows the pick to bypass the tendencies of these pins to stick. A homemade version of the Feather Touch can be made from a medium-light duty steel spring.

As to getting lock picks for your own use, you can notgo down to your local hardware store and buy them. I

could supply you with some sources or wholesalers, but I do believe it is illegal for them to sell to individuals. Your best bet would be to find a machine shop that will fabricate them for you. It would be less expensive and

arouse less suspicion if you purchase a small grinder with a cut-off wheel and make your own. With a little practice, you can make a whole set in an afternoon. Use a copy of the illustrations in this book as templates and carefully cut them out with an X-ACTO knife. Cut down the middle of the lines. Acquire some stainless steel (many steak knives approach proper thickness).

With a glue stick, lightly coat one side of the paper template and apply it to the cleaned stainless surface, and

allow it to dry. You'll need a can of black wrinkle finish spray paint. This kind of paint has a high carbon con-

tent and can stand high temperature of grinding. Spray the stainless (or knives) with the patterns glued on and dry in a warm oven or direct sunlight for one hour. Seta side for twenty-four more hours. Peel off the paper template and you are ready to cut and grind. Please use caution when cutting and grinding. The piece should be quenched every three seconds in cold water. Smooth up sharp edges with a small file or burnishing wheel.

Tools made from stainless steel will outlast the purchased ones. The tools purchased from most suppliers are made from spring steel and wear out after about 100 uses.The stainless steel ones, if properly made, should last over 2,000 uses.

LOCK IDENTIFICATION

There are many types of locks, the most common being:

1. The pin tumbler lock. Used for house and garage doors padlocks, mail boxes, and Ford automobiles.

2. The wafer tumbler lock. Used for garage and trailer doors, desks, padlocks, cabinets, most autos, window

locks, and older vending machines.

3. The double-wafer lock. Used for higher security imperturbable applications.

4. The warded locks. Used for light security padlocks and old-fashioned door locks.

5. Lever locks Used for light security and older padlocks,sophisticated safe-deposit boxes, some desks, jewelry boxes, and small cash boxes.

6. Tubular cylinder locks. Used for alarm control systems,newer vending machines, car-wash control boxes and wherever higher security problems might exist.

These locks are the more common locks used yet there are variations and combinations of these principal types that usually pick open in the manner that will be discussed.Some of them just require practice of the basic types,others luck, and most of the rest of them knowledge of how that particular lock works and is keyed. This comes from experience.

PIN TUMBLER LOCKS

Pin tumbler locks offer the most security for their price.They have close machine tolerances and approximately1,000,000 different key combinations for a five-pin lock.Considering the thousands of different companies mak-ing pin tumblers (different shaped keyways for each com-pany or design line), the chances of someone having a keythat will work in your front door lock are one in manybillions.

Pin tumbler locks can easily be identified by peeringdown the keyway and locating the first round pin.

Sometimes you can see the pin's dividing point, where itbreaks with the cylinder wall (shear point).

To successfully pick a pin tumbler lock, your sense oftouch sould be honed so that both hands feel the tools.Once the hand holding the pick has located a slight relief in tension while picking a particular tumbler, the other hand holding the tension wrench will feel a relief or breaking point. Both hands should be involved with the sense of touch, the sensing of the inner workings of the lock.

We are now ready to begin the first lesson. First open your front door and check for a pin tumbler lock on it.It should have one on it. If there is one, leave the door open to decrease suspicion. Do not lock yourself out of your apartment or house by being overconfident; not only will you raise suspicion, but window glass is not cheap.

HOW TO PICK A TUMBLER LOCK

STEP ONE

Without using the tension wrench, slip the pick into the lock. The "hook" of the pick should be toward the tumblers (up in most cases, depending on whether or not the lock was mounted upside down-you can tell by looking down the key way and locating the first pin with your pick). Try to feel the last tumbler of the lock. It should be 7/8 inches into the lock for a five-pin tumbler lock(most common pin tumbler lock used).

Make certain that you have no tension on the wrench when inserting the pick as this will encumber the frontal tumblers. When you feel the back tumbler, slowly raise it with a slight prying motion of the pick. Release it, but keep the pick in the lock on the rear tumbler.

Now insert the tension wrench, allowing room for the pick to manipulate all of the pins. It should be placed at the bottom of the cylinder if the lock was mounted upright, tumblers toward the top of the cylinder. Apply firm and yet gentle clockwise pressure to the tension wrench.

Slowly raise the back tumbler with a slight prying motion of the pick. A minute click will be felt and heard when it breaks. It will lose its springiness when this occurs, so do not go any further with it. Any further movement with the pick will cause binding by going past the pins' shear line. Continue an even pressure with the tension wrench.

 Keeping an even tension pressure, proceed to Step Two.

STEP TWO

The fourth tumbler should be easily felt since it is the next one in line. Raise it until it breaks, keeping the tension wrench steady. It too will give a sound and sensation when it breaks or aligns.

STEP THREE

The third or middle tumbler is next. Again, it too will click. Maintain a constant, even pressure on the wrench about the same pressure that you would use to replace a cap on a cats up bottle. You may feel the "clicks" in your tension wrench as well as hear them.

STEPS FOUR AND FIVE

Continue on to the next tumbler out, working toward you. When it breaks, raise the last (front) tumbler to its braking point and the cylinder should be free to rotate and unlock the door. Sometimes you may have to play with the wrench to open the lock because you may have raised a tumbler too high, past its breaking point. If this is the case, very slowly and gradually release the tension wrench pressure and the overly extended tumbler will drop into its breaking point before the other tumblers have a chance to fall. The cylinder should pop open at that point.I have found that this technique is responsible for over 30 percent of my successes in opening all tumbler locks.

If the lock still refuses to open after all that treatment,release the tension wrench pressure, allowing all of the tumblers to drop and start over. You may have more than one tumbler too high and would be better off to repeat the picking process.

WAFER TUMBLER LOCKS

Wafer tumbler locks make up over one-fourth of the locks in use in the world. Since they are generally easier to pick than most pin tumbler locks, you will be 75 per-cent master after fooling around with these mechanisms.That is why I wrote about pin tumbler locks first-they are more difficult and make up over one-half of the locks used today.

The term wafer refers to the general shape of the tumblers. The wafers are flat, spring-loaded tumblers that are much thinner than pins and the distance between them is less. Wafer locks are picked in the same way as pin tumbler locks, but you must  compensate for the smaller dimensions. You can identify wafer locks simply by looking down the key way and locating the first flat tumbler.The last tumbler on most wafer locks is located about one-half inch into the lock.

Wafer locks are used on filing cabinets, lockers, most cars, garage doors, desks, and wherever medium security is required. The only wafer tumbler lock in common use that is difficult to pick is the side-bar wafer lock. It is the most popular type of auto lock. This lock is of different design than most other locks and offers much more security than a regular wafer tumbler lock, or even a pin

tumbler lock.

The side bar lock is used mostly on General Motorcars and trucks since 1935. It is used on ignitions, door,and trunk locks. Side bar locks are hard to pick because you cannot feel or hear the tumblers align with the cylinders breaking point. A spring-loaded bar falls into place to allow the cylinder to turn when all of the tumbler s are aligned. There is no way to tell when that happens.One learns to sense the bar while picking so that it seems to fall into place by itself. But for beginners, I recommend this technique for emergency openings: Peer down the key way and locate the side groove of any of the tumblers

using a pick as a searching tool. Drill a small hole in the shell of the lock above the bar which is above the groove son the tumblers. Since side bar locks have off-centered key ways, the usual place to drill is opposite of the key way .Using an L-shaped steel wire, put pressure on the sidebar

and rake the tumblers using a tension wrench for cylinder rotation and the lock will open.

Fortunately, most GMC autos have inferior windowseals; with a coat hanger, one can lasso the locking doorknob to open the door. If you are going to be successfulat opening side bars, you will do it within two minutes;otherwise, you are causing unnecessary wear on your picksnot to mention wasting your time.

Ford auto locks are relatively simple to pick. They havepin tumblers and you have to remember that the doorlocks turn counterclockwise. Most other auto locks turnclockwise. If you are not sure, remember this: If the tumblers will not catch at their breaking points, you are going in the wrong direction with the tension wrench.

Wafer locks are a cinch to pick if you have learned howto pick pin tumblers. Just remember that wafers are thinner than pins and there is less distance between them.

Generally you need less tension-wrench pressure with these locks, yet car locks can be quite stubborn and require a great deal of tension. Any heavily spring-loaded cylinder needs a substantial amount of tension.

As a rule, though, wafer locks need less play with the tension wrench than with pin tumbler locks. But if you find yourself having difficulty in opening these, you may try a little tension-wrench play. Usually they won't pop open like pin tumbler locks, they just slide open; you don't get the warning that a pin tumbler gives before it opens because there is less contact area on the wafer's edge than on a pin, so the sense of climax is reduced with these types of locks. Still, they open quite easily.

DOUBLE WAFER LOCKS

Double-wafer locks are picked in the same way as single-wafer locks, but there are two sides to the story. Not only do you have to align the top wafers, but you have ones in the bottom of the cylinder to align as well.

The Chicago Lock Company was the first to come up with this type of lock. It is a classic example of the race toward better security. Certain tension wrenches allow uninterrupted picking using ball picks. You can also use a standard tension wrench or small screwdriver and place it at the center of the key way. To eliminate unnecessary baggage, use a diamond pick, reversing it to encounter both top and bottom wafers.

The last tumbler in this type of lock is located less thanone-half of an inch in. The picking procedure may have to be repeated more than one time-top wafers, then bottom wafers, top, bottom-back and forth. Yet these locksare easier to pick than most pin tumblers.

Locate the last wafer on the top side and move it to its breaking point. Do the same with the other top wafers.Keep the tension wrench firm, remove the pick, turn it upside down (if you are using a diamond or home made pick), and reinsert it to work the bottom wafers. You may have to repeat this process a few times, but double-wafer locks can and will open with such treatment. Vassalage doorknob lock that opens this way, but the last tumbler is about one and one-half inches in.

Double-wafer locks are easy to master if you have learned to pick pin and wafer tumbler locks. Since double-wafer locks are more compact, you have to compensate for the fact-slightly closer tolerances. These type of locks are used on old pop and candy machines, gas caps,cabinets, etc.

PIN AND WAFER TUMBLER PADLOCKS

Cylinder padlocks require a technique of holding  the same hand with which you are using the  . This technique allows one to pick the padlock without going into contortions over a dangling padlock.Assuming that you are right-handed, hold the padlock your left hand by gripping the body of the padlock with your thumb and forefinger. Insert the tension wrench at the bottom of the key way and hold it in a clockwise turn with your ring and little finger, causing a slight binding pressure on the cylinder. Now your right hand is free to pick, and your left hand does the job of holding both the lock and tension wrench. The overhand method works well, too, but the thumb controls the tension wrenchin stead. Switch around to find which is most comfortable for you.

When tumbler padlocks pop open, it is quite a sensa-tion because the shackle is spring-loaded and gives onequite a jolt. It's a feeling of accomplishment. You mayneed a little more tension on padlocks than on door locksbecause the cylinder cam has to operate a spring-loadedbolt. Overall, padlocks are the most fun to open. Prac-tice using old or discarded padlocks that you have found.I've worn out hundreds of them.

TUBULAR CYLINDER LOCKS

(Note: Diagrams of tubular lock were omitted due to the fact that pickingthem with conventional methods is a complete waste of time.  There are picksavailable that are specifically designed to pick this kind of lock in amatter of seconds)

We will gradually proceed to more sophisticated locksfrom here. I would like to remind you that success is notbased on personality. If one is arrogant about one's lock-picking skills, one could easily be made a fool of by alock. And no matter how many times you bash a cylinder,

you will still be locked out. The only thing you accomplishis attracting an audience-so be cool.

If at this point you have had much difficulty under-standing the principles of pin and wafer locks, pleaserestudy this book from the beginning. Read it several times so as to absorb it. The information that you now havehas taken me almost two decades to gather, so please bemindful of that.

Now you are about to learn how to open the more dif-ficult locking mechanisms-some of the other 25 percentof the locks used today. You should feel confident withpin, wafer and double-wafer tumbler locks before youattempt rim cylinder locks.

Tubular cylinder locks stand out as the most generallyaccepted lock in all important industries using high-qualitylocks for protection of property, merchandise, and cash.They are recognized as giving the maximum amount ofsecurity for their price range.

Tubular cylinder locks are pin tumbler locks arrangedon a circular plane. Unlike conventional pin tumbler locks,all of the pins are exposed to the eye. The central sectionof the lock rotates to operate the cam when all of the sevenpins have reached their breaking points. When the pro-per key is entered into the lock, the tumblers are pressedinto position so that the central section (plug) can beturned. This manual operation of inserting the key placesthe tumblers in position so that the lock can be operated

and ensures that frost, dust, salt, or unfavorable climaticconditions will not affect the smooth operation of thelock.

The Chicago Ace lock is a product of the Chicago LockCompany of Chicago, Illinois. It is an effective securitydevice and is used on vending machines, coin boxes, andburglar alarms. A larger, more complex version of it isused on bank doors and electronic teller machines. Thekey is of tubular shape with the cuts arranged in a circlearound the key.

The pick used for this lock is the tubular cylinder pick,or you may use a straight pin or your homemade safetypin pick. The one-pronged end of the tension wrench isa little more specialized and is used for rim cylinder locks.It must be .062 inches square for best results. Any squaresteel stock is acceptable,as long as it fits snugly into thegroove of the tubular cylinder plug.

This type of lock is a burglar's nightmare because ittakes so long to pick. You have to pick it three or fourtimes to accomplish the unlocking radius of 120 to 180degrees. And the cylinder locks after each time you pickit-every one-seventh of a turn.

If you leave the lock only partly picked, the key willnot be able to open it, so you must pick it back into thelocked position after opening it-another three or fourpicking sessions. In all, to unlock and lock the cylinder,you have to pick it up to eight times-quite a chore if youdon't have the right tools or time.

These locks almost always pick in the clockwise direc-tion. Make certain that the tension wrench fits snugly intothe groove on the cylinder. Very slowly push the first pindown until it clicks, maintaining a definite clockwisepressure on the tension wrench. Once the tumbler hasbroken, do not push any further and proceed to the nextone, and so on. As you reach the last tumbler, the ten-sion wrench will feel more slack and give way if the lockwere properly picked.

There are special keyhole saws for these locks in whichyou drill out the tumblers and turn the cylinder. Also thereis a special tool used by locksmiths to open rim cylinderlocks.

MUSHROOM AND SPOOL PIN TUMBLER LOCKS

High-security pin tumbler locks may contain speciallymade pins to make picking them morechallenging. Thepins are machined so as to make picking them quite dif-ficult. When picking these locks, the pins give the impres-sion that they have broken, when in fact they could bea long way frombreaking. Youcan tell whether or notare picking a pin tumbler lock that has these pins bythe fact that the pins seem to align so easily with a louderthan normal click. The cylinder seems eager to open butto no avail.

The picking procedure relies on a well-yielding tensionwrench. The tension wrench has to be lightly spring-loadedso that the pins can bypass their false breaking points.You also have to "rake" (seesaw in and out) the pins withyour pick. The feather-touch tension wrench is ideal forthe job. Use light pressure with it, and it will let you in.

Note: A feather-touch tension wrench is not necessarily required.  A normaltension wrench will work fine with an extremely light tension on it.  The weight of just your index finger alone should be enough in most cases.)

The mushroom and spool pins are used in locks forhigh-security purposes such as bank doors. The American Lock Company uses them in some of their padlocks.

MAGNETIC LOCKS

Magnetic locks are fascinating. I almost hate to openthem because I feel that I have breached their uniqueness.In reality, you do not pick them, but "confuse" them. Theygenerally work on the principle that like magnetic polarities repel each other. The key is a set of smallmagnets arranged in a certain order to repel other magnetsin the lock, thereby allowing the spring-loaded bolt or cam

to open the lock.

By using a pulsating electromagnetic field, you cancause the magnets in the lock to vibrate violently at thirtyvibrations per second, thereby allowing it to be openedby intermittent tugging of the bolt or turning of the doorknob.

This method may also ruin the small magnets in thelock by changing their magnetic status or properties. So,if you have to perform an emergency break-in with theselocks, do not relock the door. The card or key will notoperate the lock.

The magnetic pick can be used on padlocks by strok-

it across the place where the key is placed. It is alsodesigned to fit into the doorknob and is used by strokingone pole in and out or by using the other pole the same

way.

If you have had little or no training and experiencebuilding something like this, please have a friend who isfamiliar with basic electronics do it for you. Do not takethe chance of electrocuting yourself. Make sure that thecoil is also completely covered with electrician's tape afteryou have wound the 34 gauge wire. Also make sure thatthe steel core has at least three layers of tape over it. Do

not leave the unit plugged in for more than two to threeminutes at any one time as this may causeoverheatingwhich could cause it to burn out or start a fire. It is safeto use if constructed properly and not left plugged inunattended. Opening magnetic locks requires only 30 to60 seconds anyway, so don't leave the unit plugged in forlonger.

For magnetic padlocks, use a back-and-forth strokingaction along the length of the keyway. For magnetic doorlocks, use a stroking in-and-out action in the slot of theknob alternating from one side (pole) of the pick to theother.

The "key" for a magnetic door lock is a metal or plasticcontaining an array of magnetic domains or regionscoded in a specific order to allow entry. The magnetic pick

that.

DISK TUMBLER LOCKS

Combination or "puzzle" locks were invented to fur-ther improve security and the protection of valuables. Theolder safes and lockboxes were good security devices whenthey came into the market, but some people becamecurious and realized that these safe locks had inherentweaknesses. One of the main problems was that the disktumblers were not mechanically isolated from the bolt thatunlocks the safe door. In other words, you could feel andhear the tumblers while turning the dial by applying

pressure on the handle of the bolt.

When that problem was recognized and solved, thievesstarted drilling through strategic places in the lock itselfto open it. Knocking off hinges was an all-time favoritetactic as well. Then came punching out the dial shaft,blowtorching, and just plain blowing the door with ex-plosives. Greed can breed great creativity.

The first problem, that of manipulating the tumblersopen, was rectified by making use of the dial to operatethe bolt upon completion of the dialing of the correct com-bination. This made it nearly impossible to feel or hearthe tumblers. Drilling was deterred by laminating the safedoor with hard steel and beryllium-copper plates. Theberyllium-copper plates pull heat away from the drill tip

quickly, and the bit just spins without effect; drilling can-not take place without the generation of heat at the bit'scutting edges. Knocking off hinges was discouraged byusing three or more bolts operated by a main linkage net-work. Punching out the dial shaft to let the tumblers fallout of the way of the bolt was corrected by beveling theshaft into the wall of the safe door.

Presently, safe locks are quite sophisticated. Pickingthem would require supernatural power. The older safes,however, are much easier and even fun to pick. Pickingcombination padlocks is a good way to start learning howto open safes, and we will get to them shortly. But first,let us discuss some basic prmciples of disk tumbler locks.

Disk tumbler locks work by the use of flat, round disksof metal or plastic with a notch and a peg on each disk.The notch is called the tumbler gate. The gate of eachtumbler has to be lined up with the pawl of the boltmechanism by usage of the linking capabilities of the pegs.

The first tumbler of the disk tumbler lock (also the lastcombination number dialed) is mechanically connectedto the dial through the safe door. When the dial is turned,the first tumbler picks up the middle tumbler when theirpegs connect. The middle tumbler in turn picks up thelast tumbler for one more complete turn and the tumblershave been "cleared"-you are ready to dial the first com-bination number by aligning the last tumbler's gate to thepawl. After you have reached this number or position,

rotate the dial in the opposite direction one complete turnfor three tumbler locks; two turns for four tumbler locks)to engage the middle tumbler and drive it to the secondcombination mlmber. By rotating the dial back into theopposite direction to the last combination number, thebolt can be operated to open the lock, or as in the caseof newer safes, the dial will operate the bolt by turning

it once again in the opposite direction.

One of the innovations that developed to deter sensualmanipulation of combination locks was the use of ser-rated front tumblers (last combination number dialed).These were designed to foil listening and feeling of thetumblers' gates by burglars.

When the bolt encountered any one of these shallowgates, the safecracker could never be sure whether or nota tumbler was actually aligned with the pawl-boltmechanism. Some burglars solved this problem by attach-ing high-speed drills to the dial knob to rotate and weardown the first tumbler's shallow false gates against thebolt, thereby eliminating them altogether, or at leastminimizing their effects. Still, today the serrated tumbleris used as an effective deterrent to manipulation in com-bination padlocks where space is a factor.

Let us move on to combination padlocks. The mostcommon and difficult to open of these small disk tumblerlocks are the Master combination padlocks, and they arequite popular. I have had good luck in opening these lockswith a wooden mallet or soft-faced hammer. The manip-ulation of Master combination padlocks is quite easy-Ihave done it thousands of times, and you can learn it, too.

The newer the lock is, though, the more difficult it willbe to open at first. If the lock has had a lot of use, suchas that on a locker-room door where the shackle getspulled down and encounters the tumblerswhile the com-bination is being dialed, the serrated front tumblers will

become smoothed down, allowing easier sensing of thetumblers. So, until you have become good at opening theselocks, practice extensively on an old one. Let's try to open

one:

OPENING A COMBINATION PADLOCK

STEP ONE

First, clear the tumblers by engaging all of them. Thisis done by turning the dial clockwise (sometimes theselocks open more easily starting in the opposite direction)

three to four times. Now bring your ear close to the lockand gently press the bottom back edge to the bony areajust forward of your ear canal opening so that vibrationscan be heard and felt. Slowly turn the dial in the oppositedirection. As you turn, you will hear a very light click aseach tumbler is picked up by the previous tumbler. Thisis the sound of the pickup pegs on each disk as they engage

each other. Clear the tumblers again in a clockwise man-ner and proceed to step two.

STEP TWO

After you have cleared the tumblers, apply an upwardpressure on the shackle of the padlock. Keeping your earon the lock, try to hear the tumblers as they rub acrossthe pawl; keep the dial rotating in a clockwise direction.

You will hear two types of clicks, each with a subtledifference in pitch. The shallow, higher pitchedclicks arethe sound of the false gates on the first disk tumbler. Donot let them fool you-the real gates sound hollow andempty, almost nonexistent.

When you feel a greater than normal relief in the shackleonce every full turn, this is the gate of the first tumbler(last number dialed). This tumbler is connected directlyto the dial as mentioned earlier. Ignore that sound for now.When you have aligned the other two tumblers, the lasttumbler's sound will be drowned out by the sound of theshackle popping open.

STEP THREE

While continuing in a clockwise direction with the dial,listen carefully for the slight hollow sound of either oneof the first two tumblers. Note on the dial face where thesesounds are by either memorizing them or writing themdown. Make certain that you do not take note of the driv-ing tumbler (last number dialed). If you hear and feel onlyone hollow click (sounds like "dumpf"), chances are thathe first number could be the same as the last one.

You should have two numbers now. Let us say one ofthem is 12 and the other is 26. Clear the tumblers againjust to be safe and stop at the number 12. Gocounterclockwise one complete turn from 12. Continuethere is another "dumpf" sound. After the completeturn pass 12, if you feel and hear a louder than normalsound of a tumbler rubbing on the pawl, the first tumbleris properly aligned and the second tumbler is taking thebrunt of the force from the shackle-you are on the right

track. When the second tumbler has aligned in this case,you will feel a definite resistance with the last turn of thedial going clockwise. The final turn will automaticallyopen the shackle of the lock. If none of these symptomsare evident, try starting with the number of the combina-tion, 26, in the same way.

STEP FOUR

If the lock still does not open, don't give up. Try search-ing for a different first number. Give it a good thirty- orforty-minute try. If you play with it long enough, it willeventually open. The more practice you have under yourbelt, the quicker you will be able to open these padlocksin the future.

Using a stethoscope to increase audibility of the clicksis not out of the question when working on disk tumblerlocks, though I never use them for padlocks. A miniaturewide-audio-range electronicstethoscope with a magneticbase for coupling a piezoelectric-type microphone is idealfor getting to know the tumblers better.

Filing your fingertips to increase sensitivity might notbe such a good idea for beginners since their fingertipswill not be accustomed to operating dials for a long periodof time. With practice, you may develop calluses and needto file your fingertips. But I don't recommend it at first.

After some time you may find that in some cases youcan whiz right through the combination of an unknownlock without looking at it and pop it open in seconds.It becomes second nature. I've done this on many occa-sions-something beyond my conscious control seems toline up the tumblers without my thinking about it.

Another type of disk tumbler padlock is the Sesamelock made by the Corbin Lock Co. Its unique design

makes it more difficult to open than Master padlocks, butit can be opened. Let's take one of the three or four wheelmechanisms, look at a cross section, and see how it works.The wheel has numbers from zero to nine. Attached tothe wheel is a small cam. Both the wheel and cam turnon the shaft. Each wheel in this lock operates indepen-dently with its own cam and shaft. The locking dog islocked to the shackle. In this position the shackle cannotbe opened. The locking dog operates with all three or fourwheels. The locking dog is riding on the round edge ofthe cam. The spring is pushing up on the cam. The lock-ing dog cannot move up because it is resting on the roundpart of the cam. When the wheel is turned to the propercombination number, the locking dog rests on the flat ofthe cam. The spring can then raise the locking dog torelease the shackle, and this opens the lock.

TIPS FOR SUCCESS

You will undoubtedly encounter a pin tumbler lock inwhich there will be a pin or two that is keyed too low(the shear line of the pin is too high). In this case the lockis difficult to open because the breaking point of a longbottom pin doesn't allow room in the keyway for the pickto manipulate the other pins. Your success in openingtight" locks will depend on the skill you have developedwith your tensionwrench. Sometimes it helps to play withthe tension wrench. Try bouncing it left and right slightlywhile picking, allowing some of the tumblers to drop occa-sionally. You may also try picking the front tumblers firstor picking at random on these locks. You can tell if youhave a lock that is keyedlike this because your pick mayget jammed during the picking process.

After you have opened a cylinder and unlocked a lock,be sure to return it to the locked position. You will hearthe tumblers click into place when this happens. Other-wise it may be difficult to unlock itwithits key becausethe bottom pins cannot "float" like they normally would.

To tell whether or not the cylinder should go clockwiseor counterclockwise when picking a tumbler lock, thereis an easy rule to follow. If the tumblers (pin or wafer)will not break, or stay broken, you are going in the wrongdirection with the tension wrench. There will be little orno progress with the cylinder, and few, if any, "clicks."

Some keyways are cut at an angle (Yale, Dexter, andSchlage, for example) so you want to be sure thatyou tiltyour pick to follow that angle while picking or your pickwill get hung up. A slight twist ofthe wrist will compen-sate for this problem.

Should your fingers become tired while picking a lock,lay down your tools and shake your hands and fingersto relieve any tension. After some time the muscles in yourhands will become accustomed to such activity. Practiceand persistence will tone your hands and senses to thepoint where you will be able to pop open a cylinder in hree to five seconds (that's seconds) in total darkness. Thecombination of touch and sound lets you know almosta split second before you open the lock that you havesucceeded.

If the lock is a well-machined one, the cylinder will feeltight and you will need a little firmer hand on the ten-sion wrench. While picking, if any one of the pins at anytime feels firm or difficult to move, chances are it's aligned.If it feels springy, it is not.

Use the shaft of the pick if you have to when workingthe frontal pin of a pin tumbler lock. This may save youthe trouble of aligning the tip of the pick on the frontpin where there is little or no support for the pick. Allof the other pins allow the pick to be supported by theinside wall of the keyway.

Master keyed pin tumbler locks are generally easier topick open because they have more than one shear line orbreaking point in the pins. Master keying allows a groupof locks to be controlled by a master key holder while theindividual locks in that group are controlled by individualkeys. Hotels and apartment complexes are usually masterkeyed.

There is a simple technique to open pin and wafertumbler locks. Simply drill through the shear lines of thetumblers. This point is located just above the center ofthe keyway on the face of the cylinder. By doing this,though, you obviously ruin the lock and make a lot ofracket. If the lock is a Medeco or some other high-security -lock, you risk damage of one hundred dollars or more,so be sure you know the value of the situation before youdecide to rape the lock. Use a center punch to start a

reliable hole on the cylinder face and use a one-quarterinch drill bit with a variable speed drill. With a largescrewdriver, turn it to unlock. The cylinder will be dif-ficult to turn because you may be shearing the tumblersprings that have fallen down past the cylinder's shear line.

Dead bolt locks are those mounted on a door abovethe knob. All dead bolt locks unlock counterclockwisewith left-hand doors and clockwise with righthand doors.If you have trouble remembering this, just remember thatthe bolt of the lock has to go in the opposite directionof the doorjam.

Dead bolt locks are just as easy to pick open as knoblocks are. They both have cylinders that can be pickedopen. The main difference is that dead bolts cannot beopened by sliding a plastic or metal card through to thebolt so as to work it back. In other words, they are notspring loaded. That's why theyarecalled dead bolts. Mostknob locks now have guards in front of the bolts to deteropening with cards.

Kwik-sets, Weisers, and some of the less-expensive knoblocks may open in either direction. Schlage and Corbin,along with more sophisticated locks, can open only in onedirection. Auto locks will open either way. Anotherof picking pin tumbler locks is with a pick gun.As the pick snaps up, it hits thebottom pin. This bounces the top pin out of the cylinder and into the shell. As youapply light turning pressure with the tension wrench, thetop pins are caught in the shell, the cylinder will turn. I'veneverused a pick gun, but they do work well for lock-smiths who use them. They are cumbersome and expen-sive, and show some lack of professionalism.

(Note: If you don't care about professionalism and want to open 95% of allpin tumbler locks out there - and fast- buy this device.  It is very awesome.I even recommend it over a Cobra Electronic lockpick. Trust me, I have both,and I feel the $60 Lockaid pick gun blows away the $350 Cobra)

SOME PRECAUTIONS

If you bought this book to learn how to pick locks inorder to become a more efficient burglar, then there isnot a whole lot I can say or do to stop you. But I mustsay this: the locks used in prisons are nearly impossibleto pick even if you get or make the right tools. They areusually electrically controlled from an external station.

Do not carry lock picks on your person. If you get caught with them, you could get nailed for most any professional job in town for the last seven years. If you must carry them, as in the case of rescue workers, etc., please consult your local authorities about details and ask about registering with them. As a former locksmith, I do not have that problem.

I advise that you do not teach your friends how to pick locks. The choice is yours, of course. You paid the price of this book and the knowledge is yours-be selfish with it. It is for your own protection as well. The fewer people who know you have this skill, the better. Getting blamed for something you didn't do is unfair and a hassle.

When you become proficient at picking locks, you may decide to get a job as a locksmith. But believe me, there is more to being a locksmith than being able to pick locks.You have to be a good carpenter as well as a fair mechanic.But you may want to approach the owner of a lock shop and ask if you could get on as an apprentice.

NOBODY'S PERFECT

There isn't a locking device on earth that cannot be opened with means other than its key or code. It's just that some are easier to open than others. Anything with a keyhole, dial, or access port is subject to being opened with alternate means, though some of the newer electronic and computer-controlled security devices would be a nightmare even if you had extensive knowledge of electronics and electromagnetic. Some devices also use palm prints as a readout to allow entry.

On the mechanical side, there are locks that have normal pin tumblers, but they are situated in various places 360 degrees around the cylinder. Some locks use pin tumblers that not only have to be aligned vertically with int he cylinder, but also have to "twist" or turn a certain number of degrees to allow the cylinder to open. This is because the pins' shear line is cut at an angle. These locks are made by Medeco.

I have witnessed only one Medico lock being picked-by a fellow locksmith. We both spent hours trying to pic kit again, but it was futile. We estimated the chances of opening it again to be one out of 10,000. They are excellent security devices, but their price keeps them limited to areas prone to security problems such as isolated vending machines and for government use. The only one I have

been successful at opening (after an hour of picking) was one I drilled. By the way, they are easy to drill because the brass that's used is soft.

LEARNING TO TOUCH AND FEEL

Most of us know how to touch. We touch objects everyday, and yet we do not truly feel them. It seems so commonplace that we forget that we are actually feeling while we touch.

Here is an exercise that will develop a delicate touch.Gently rub and massage your hands and fingers-

preferably with hand lotion. Do this for five minutes. Once the lotion has evaporated, shake your hands and fingers so that they flop loosely. Gently pull each finger to relax each joint.

Now with a piece of fine sandpaper, gently draw the tips of your fingers across it. Try to feel the texture of the grains on its surface. Relax your fingers, hands, fore-arms, shoulders, and chest. Take your time. Do this for several minutes.

After a few weeks of practice, you will be able to feel each individual grain of sand on the sandpaper. This allows you to feel the slightest sensation vibrate through your bones.

Try to remember to practice touching and feeling during your everyday experiences. Practice feeling wood,metal, and various other objects. Play with the feel of mechanical vibrations, even your television set. Try to sense the world around you as a source of information. This could and will open a whole new horizon of experience.

After a while, you will be able to feel or sense the movement of the tumblers of a Sargent and Green leaf safe.

My first safe opened in three minutes because of that technique that took me years to discover.

VISUALIZATION

If you respect the security of the lock and do not become overconfident, you will never become disappointed if you fail to open it. You also increase your chances of opening the lock because you personally have nothing to gain or lose by opening it. Give up trying to be an expert

and just pick the lock.

With such an attitude, you may find the lock will usually pop right open. I never received a trophy for being the best lock picker in the state. My satisfaction is in knowing that I am never helpless in a lockout situation. The quality of your success is almost romantic; it involves sensitivity and compassion in the face of curiosity as a means to help others.

Visualization and imagination are important to the lock picker. I've noticed that people who have the ability to visualize the internal parts of the lock that they are picking seldom fail to open it in moments. Anyone can learn to do this by simply remembering to do it while picking a lock. Since sight, sound, and touch are involved withthe process, visualization is very easy to do. Try to keep

all of your attention on the lock during the picking process. This will help you to learn how to use heightened sensitivity for picking locks.

So in that respect, an unopened lock is like a new and unexplored lover. You imagine all of the qualities of an attractive person whom you've just met and apply that feeling to the lock that you are picking. Use visualization.It will help immensely.

(Note: All this Zen stuff may sound like a load of shit, but it's not.  I myself cannot pick a lock unless I am comfortable.  If I am craving a cigarette or I am hungry or something else like that, I have a difficult time opening a lock. Also, attitude is important.  Don't show off.)

Have fun